Varnish Inside the Painting: Why Did Van Eyck Place a Clear Layer Between Glazes?
Jan van Eyck’s 1439 Portrait of Margareta van Eyck, also known as Margaret, the Artist’s Wife, contains a surprising secret. Conservators found varnish not only on the surface, but also between two of the final layers of red paint.
Van Eyck may have considered the portrait nearly finished, applied varnish to make the colors richer, and then changed his mind. After seeing the colors fully revealed, he appears to have added one more transparent red glaze to deepen the shadows of the dress.
A glaze is a thin, transparent or semi-transparent layer of paint. Instead of hiding the paint below, it modifies its color. Glazes can deepen reds, soften transitions, and create rich shadows without making them opaque. …